![]() Primo Mellon, from Miguel Primo de Rivera, prime minister and dictator of Spain (1923–1930), and Andrew Mellon, an American banker and Secretary of the Treasury (1921–1932).Mustapha Mond, from Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of Turkey after World War I, who pulled his country into modernisation and official secularism and Sir Alfred Mond, an industrialist and founder of the Imperial Chemical Industries conglomerate.Herbert Bakunin, from Herbert Spencer, the English philosopher and Classical liberal, and Mikhail Bakunin, a Russian philosopher and anarchist.Darwin Bonaparte, from Napoleon I, the leader of the First French Empire, and Charles Darwin, author of The Origin of Species.Helmholtz Watson, from the German physician and physicist Hermann von Helmholtz and the American behaviorist John B. ![]() Benito Hoover, from Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy and Herbert Hoover, then-President of the United States.Polly Trotsky, from Leon Trotsky, the Russian revolutionary leader.George Edzel, from Edsel Ford, son of Henry Ford.Ironically, in the novel, Lenina and Fanny are friends. Fanny Crowne, from Fanny Kaplan, famous for an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Lenin.Lenina Crowne, from Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik leader during the Russian Revolution.Henry Foster, from Henry Ford, American industrialist, see above.Bernard Marx, from George Bernard Shaw (or possibly Bernard of Clairvaux or possibly Claude Bernard) and Karl Marx.Sources of names and references The limited number of names that the World State assigned to its bottle-grown citizens can be traced to political and cultural figures who contributed to the bureaucratic, economic, and technological systems of Huxley's age, and presumably those systems in Brave New World: John Henry Newman, whom Mustapha Mond discussed with the Savage after reading a quotation from his book.Reuben Rabinovitch, the character in whom the effects of sleep-learning, hypnopædia, are first noted.Thomas Robert Malthus, whose name is used to describe the contraceptive techniques (Malthusian belt) practised by women of the World State.Mustapha Mond also knows them because he, as a World Controller, has access to a selection of books from throughout history, including the Bible. The plays quoted include Macbeth, The Tempest, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear, Troilus and Cressida, Measure for Measure and Othello. William Shakespeare, whose banned works are quoted throughout the novel by John, "the Savage".Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, whose conditioning techniques are used to train infants."All's well that ends Wells", wrote Huxley in his letters, criticising Wells for anthropological assumptions Huxley found unrealistic. Wells, "Dr Wells", British writer and utopian socialist, whose book Men Like Gods was an incentive for Brave New World. It is also strongly implied that citizens of the World State believe Freud and Ford to be the same person. Sigmund Freud, "Our Freud" is sometimes said in place of "Our Ford" due to the link between Freud's psychoanalysis and the conditioning of humans, and Freud's popularisation of the idea that sexual activity is essential to human happiness and need not be limited to procreation.Huxley's description of Ford as a central figure in the emergence of the Brave New World might also be a reference to the utopian industrial city of Fordlândia commissioned by Ford in 1927. "Our Ford" is used in place of "Our Lord", as a credit to popularising the use of the assembly line. Henry Ford, who has become a messianic figure to the World State.Russian Dystopian Novel "We" George Orwell/Aldous Huxleyīackground figures These are non-fictional and factual characters who lived before the events in this book, but are of note in the novel: Romeo & Juliet/ Classical Music/Deep Purple, Etc. Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - KWAJALEIN - EXECUTION ISLAND Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - FORGIVENESS Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - WHEN LOUIE MET BILLY Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - THE BIRD - THEN AND LATER Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - NAOETSU and CAMP B-4 Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - PRISON CAMPS - OFUNA and OMORI Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - A GREEN HORNET and GREY SHARKS Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - SUPER MAN ATTACKS - FUNAFUTI and NAURU Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - B-24s IN COMBAT Unbroken - Louis Zamperini Story - ZAMP and HIS SUPER MAN B-24
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